The Earth Rover Program deploys a highly developed and dispatchable set of technologies which, to our astonishment, turn out never to have been used for this purpose.
Seismology is a mature science in which billions have been invested, mostly by the oil and gas industry. It has become so accurate that you can use it to tell whether an apple is ripe (as starch turns to sugar, vibrations passing through the apple are distorted in different ways). It has become so cheap that an advanced geophone can now be purchased for $80. We believe it will soon become cheaper still.
But, amazingly, it has not yet been adapted to assess the type, quality and health of soil. Soil, until now, has been treated as “noise”: the stuff seismologists need to see past when they’re looking at rocks. Yet it turns out to be perfectly suited for seismological enquiry.